Journal of Research in Ecology

Abstract:
Species diversity and composition of fish in bottom-trawling were investigated in the Namibian waters between Oranjemund and Henties Bay. Sampling followed a systematic transects design, along latitude gradients (28 - 22°S) at different seafloor depths (100 - 500 m). In total 21 transects were sampled containing 105 stations. At each trawled station the whole catch were sorted into species type and the total body mass (kg) of each fish species was recorded. Results indicated significant differences in means of fish species diversity at different seafloor depths. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis indicated a complex interaction of gradients which have influenced the pattern in species composition. Differences in species diversity of fish at seafloor depths might be a result of absence of disturbances by bottom-trawling at shallower depths. It was concluded that environmental variability’s of the Namibian coast influence fish species composition.

Keywords:
Seafloor depths, species diversity, species composition.



Authors:
Nashima FP.

Institution:
University of Namibia

Corresponding author:
Nashima FP.

Article Citation:
Nashima FP.
Changes in diversity and composition of fish species in the Southern Benguela Ecosystem of Namibian.
Journal of Research in Ecology (2012) 1: 037-043

Dates:

Received: 24 Mar 2012 Accepted: 16 Apr 2012 Published: 28 Jun 2012

License:
This Open Access article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References:
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Oelofsen BW. 1999. Fisheries management: The Namibian approach. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 56:999-1004.
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Abstract:
The total environment is a complex entity of which water is the essential component for survival of all the living beings. Life in aquatic environment is largely governed by physico-chemical characteristics and their stability in ecosystem. The precipitation which is the main source of water gets contaminated as soon as it reaches on the earth’s surface and during its flow anthropogenic activities in surrounding area further add impurities in it. The water samples were collected monthly for a period of one year from different sampling stations along the stretch of river. During study period, river maintained well alkaline nature of water in study area. Parameters like dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total hardness, total alkalinity and pH showed variation from upstream to downstream. Dissolved oxygen was found to be maximum during winter may be due to low temperature. However, conductivity, total hardness and total alkalinity were found to be maximum during the summer season.

Keywords:
Wardha River, pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity.



Authors:
Imran Mithani1, Dahegaonkar NR2, Shinde JS1 and Tummawar SD1.

Institution:
1. Shree Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Rajura-442905.

2. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Tukum, Chandrapur-442401.

Corresponding author:
Dahegaonkar NR.

Article Citation:
Imran Mithani, Dahegaonkar NR, Shinde JS and Tummawar SD.
Preliminary studies on physico-chemical parameters of river Wardha,
District Chandrapur, Maharashtra.
Journal of Research in Ecology (2012) 1: 014-018

Dates:

Received: 10 Mar 2012 /Accepted: 27 Mar 2012 /Published: 13 Apr 2012

License:
This Open Access article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract:

This study examined the impediments to international Donor agencies’ community development efforts in the rural sector of Rivers State, Nigeria. One hundred community dwellers (men, women and youth) were interviewed, using scheduled questionnaires. Also, three international Donor agencies (World Bank, Micro Project Programme and United Nations Development Programme) involved in the community development activities of Rivers State participated in the study. Data realized from the respondents were analysed using percentages, mean scores and Analysis of Variance. The study revealed that the nature of development projects and the constraints faced by beneficiary communities and the donor agencies differed significantly (p>0.05). The donor agencies provided assistance in agriculture, small scale enterprises, health care services, education/training, and physical infrastructure. However, the three agencies focused mainly on agriculture, health care and infrastructural services. The major problems to effective implementation of the development programme included administrative bottleneck, insufficient and diversion of project funds, youth restiveness, ill-trained and shortage of field staff, inadequate community development facilities and project disagreement among the beneficiary communities. To improve on the community development efforts in the rural areas of the state, a critical consideration of the outlined bottlenecks was advised.

Keywords:
Constraints, Rural Development, Donor Agencies


Authors:
Isife BI, Albert CO and Lawson MI.

Institution:
1. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
2. Extension Services, Sub-Programme Rivers State Agricultural Development Programme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Corresponding author:
Isife BI.

Article Citation:
Isife BI, Albert CO and Lawson MI.
Constraints to international donor agencies’ community development
assistance in rural Rivers State, Southern Nigeria.
Journal of Research in Ecology (2012) 1: 019-024

Dates:
Received: 01 Feb 2012   Accepted: 13 Feb 2012   Published: 24 May 2012

License:
This Open Access article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References:
Chukuigwe N. 2006. Corporate Social Responsibility of Oil Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Agric. Economics and Extension, University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt 76.
Gabriel-Pidomson A. 2008. Causes and Effect of Conflicts in Ogoni Kingdom of Rivers State. M.Sc. Thesis. Dept of Agric. Economic and Extension, University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt 59.
Lawson MI. 2008. Comparative Analysis of International Donor Agencies’ Assistance to Community Development in Rural Rivers State, Nigeria. M.Sc Project, Department of Agricultural Economic and Extension, University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 76.
Lele U and Adu-Nyako K. 1991. Integrated Strategy Approach for Poverty Alleviation: A Paramount Priority for Africa. African Development Review 3(1):1-29.
Nwachinyere RA. 2008. The Role of Niger Delta Development Commission in Sustainable Community Development of the South-South Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Agric. Economics and Extension, University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 182.
Obuzor IC. 1998. Economic Impact of Crude Oil Exploration on Farm Lands in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Port Harcourt, B.Sc. Project, Department of Agric. Economics and Extension, University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
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Abstract:

In the urban atmosphere, adverse health effects of airborne particles cause great concern. Some toxicological studies show that ultrafine particles exert a much stronger physiological effect than the same mass of coarse particles due to an increase both in the number and relative surface area as compared to particles of larger size. The present study deals with the particle number, mass, volume and surface area - size distribution of atmospheric particulate matter to determine their relative proportions in the Ultrafine (< 500 nm), Fine (< 2.5μm) and Coarse (< 10 μm) particles at Agra. The particles collected were analyzed for their mass and number simultaneously during winter, summer and monsoon seasons using an optical particle counter Grimm monitor, 31-Channel Portable Aerosol Spectrometer model No: 1.109 in the range of 0.25-32 μm. The results indicated that the average number concentration was highest in summer (286399.1 cm-3) followed by winter (109155.7 cm-3) and monsoon season (67390.68 cm-3). The concentrations were 2.63 and 4.24 times higher during winter and monsoon season than summer months. Higher concentration was attributed to local as well as long range transport of particles. The long range transport of aerosol particles is also supported by back trajectory analysis. The average number concentration of coarse particles was 2.41 times higher in summer season which indicate that dust storms during summer period have major proportion of coarse particles. The wash out effect during monsoon causes significant decrease of particles therefore the concentrations were found to be much lower.

Keywords:
Atmospheric aerosols, number concentration, mass concentration, EM/EDX.



Authors:
Tripti Pachauri, Vyoma Singla, Aparna Satsangi, Anita Lakhani and Maharaj Kumari K.

Institution:
Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh,
Agra - 282110, India

Corresponding author:
Maharaj Kumari K.

Article Citation:
Tripti Pachauri, Vyoma Singla, Aparna Satsangi, Anita Lakhani, K. Maharaj Kumari.
Number and mass of ultrafine, fine and coarse atmospheric particles during different seasons at Agra, India.
Journal of Research in Ecology (2012) 1: 006-013

Dates:

Received: 02 Jan 2012 /Accepted: 19 Jan 2012 /Published: 04 Feb 2012

License:
This Open Access article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract:
To investigate the feasibility of utilization of vermiculture technology for large scale production of vermicompost from Fly Ash (FA) mixed with Press Mud (PM), Cow Dung (CD) and Crop Residue (CR) employing earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae and Lampito mauritii. Eight treatments namely FA alone (T1), 1 part FA: 1part CD (T2), 1 part FA: 1part PM (T3), FA: 1 part FA: 1part CR (T4), 1 part FA: 1part CD: 1part PM (T5), 1 part FA: 1part CD: 1part CR (T6), 1 part FA: 1part PM: 1part CR (T7) and 1 part FA: 1part CD: 1part PM: 1part CR (T8) were run under laboratory conditions. The growth and reproduction of earthworms in terms of biomass gain, cocoon and hatchlings production were measured at the end of experimentation. The data revealed that earthworms were unable to survive in 100% FA (T1) treatment. However, Maximum worm biomass was observed in T5 treatment than other treatments. Maximum cocoons and hatchlings production were also recorded in T5 treatment for both species of worms. This study clearly indicates that fly ash amended with press mud and cow dung in 1:1:1 ratio had no adverse effect on the growth and reproduction of E.eugeniae and L.mauritii as well as large scale vermicompost production.



Authors: 
Anbalagan M and Manivannan S.

Institution:
Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
India-608 002.

Corresponding author:
Manivannan

Keywords:
E. eugeniae, L. mauritii, Cocoons, hatchlings, press mud, cow dung.

Article Citation:
Anbalagan M and Manivannan S.
Capacity of fly ash and organic additives to support adequate earthworm biomass for large scale vermicompost production.
Journal of Research in Ecology (2012) 1: 001-005

Dates:
Received: 27 Dec 2011 /Accepted: 12 Jan 2012 /Published: 25 Jan 2012

License:
This Open Access article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References:
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Parthasarathi K, Ranganathan LS. 2000. Influence of pressmud on the development of the ovary, oogenesis and the neurosecretory cells of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg). Afri Zool., 35:281-286.
Parthasarathi K, Ranganathan LS. 1999. Longivity of microbial and enzyme activity and their influence on NPK content in pressmud vermicasts. Eur J Soil Biol., 35:107-113.
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